Machine for grinding noncircular work



y 21, 1940- H. E. BALSIGER El AL 2,201,218

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1940. H. E. BALSIGER ET m. 2,201,218

MACHINE FOR GRINDING NONCIRCULAR WdRK Filed Oct. 22, 1935 7 Sheets-Sheet2 I III I a i. mm|m I", k II INVENTORS I I I M/weow E. ems/cm.

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A TTORNE Y May 21, 1940. H. E. BALSIGER Er AL 2,201,218

MACHINE FOR GRINDING NONCIRCULAR WORK Filed 001;. 22, 1935 7Sheets-Sheet 3 .INVENTQRS HflROLD LBQLSIGER.

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A ORNEY H. E. BALSIGER El AL momma FOR GRINDING NONCIRCULAR wonx FiledOct. 22, 1955 May 21, 1940.

7' Sheets-Sheet 4 BY /A X/7 42% A TTORNEY May 21, 1940. H. E. BALSIGEREl AL MACHINE FOR GRINDING NONCIRCULAR WORK Fild Oct. 22, 1935 7Sheets-Sheet 5 "INVENTORJ. HH/EOLD 5.

GOA E90 M ATTORNEY v May 21, 1940. H. E. BALSIGER El AL MACHINE FORGRINDING NONCIRCULAR WORK '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Oct. 22, 1935INVENTORS mean [2.861316% coN/Eao 1.. arr.

ATTORNEY May 21, 1940.

' H. E. BALSIGER ET AL MACHINE FOR GRINDING NONCIRCULA R WORK Filed001;. 22, 1955 7 SheetsSheet 7 INVENTORS GOA/E00 L. 077:

ATTORNEY Patented May 21,1940

UNITED STATES FOR GRINDING NONCIROULAR WORK Harold E. Balsiger andConrad L. Ott, Waynesboro, Pa, assignors to Landis Tool Company,Waynesboro, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application October 22,1935, Serial No.46,168

11 Claims.

Our invention relates to grinding machines and particularly to themachines for grinding noncylindrical work.

It is an object of our invention to provide a machine in whichelliptical or other noncylindrical shapes may be ground automatically toa predetermined size.

A further object is to provide a sizing device which may be used onnoncylindrical work.

A further object is to provide means to stop the grinding operation whenthe work reaches a predetermined size and with the wheel and work in apredetermined relative axial position.

A further object is to provide novel means for delaying the action ofthe reversing valve after it has been actuated by a dog on a work table.

A further object is to provide means to render said delaying meansineffective.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a front elevation of our machine.

Figure 2 is a partial end elevation of the wheel feed mechanism.

Figures 3 and 4 are end and front elevations, respectively of the cutoutswitch for the feed back off motor.

Figure 5 is a front elevation of that portion of the automatic feedmechanism mounted on or near the hand wheel.

Figure 6 is a sectional front elevation of the piston which actuates thefeed mechanism.

Figure 7 is a front elevation of the tarry mechanism and a portion ofthe reversing valve showing the relation between these two parts.

Figure 8 is a sectional front elevation of the tarry mechanism.

Figure 9 is a sectional plan view on line 9-9 of Figure 8.

Figure 10 is a sectional end elevation of the throttle valve in thetarry mechanism.

Figure 11 is a front elevation of a portion of the manometer tubeshowing in imaginary lines the increments of movement of the mercurycolumn.

Figure 12 is a partial view of the grinding wheel and a work piece, theimaginary lines on the work piece showing increments of change in sizecorresponding to the above mentioned increments of movement in themercury column,

Figure 13 is a front elevation of the sizing device.

Figure 14 is an end elevation of the sizing device.

Figures 15 and 16 show type of noncylindrical a contours which may besized with the sizing device. I

Figure 17 is a plan view of the sizing device showing the relation ofthe feelers and the nozzle with the work piece, and Ila anotherarrangement of the sameparts.

Figure 18 is a diagrammatic piping and wiring layout.

The traverse mechanism on our machine is similar to that shown in thecopending application 524,706; now Patent Number 2,103,808 datedDecember 28, 1937. The headstock and foot stock are mounted on acradlewhich is rocked toward and from the wheel by a master cam in a mannersimilar to that disclosed in copending application 384,068, now'Patent2,017,927 dated October 22, 1935. Because of the disclosure in thecopending applications a description of these structures will not berepeated here.

The reversing mechanism is retarded in functioning by a tarry mechanismconsisting of a pair of pistons reciprocably mounted in a cylinder andadapted to be reciprocated therein by the reversing mechanism. Movementof the pistons is. obstructed by a body of fluid which is forced out ofthe cylinder and thru a variable restriction. After a predeterminedmovement of the piston the pressure is released so that the piston andthe reversing mechanism are shifted rapidly thru the remainder of thestroke.

Our machine is designed for grinding work having a noncylindricalcontour, particularly oval or elliptical shaped pistons, cams and thelike. The work is rocked toward and from and is traversed past thegrinding wheel which is fed intermittently at one or both ends of thestroke of the work carriage until the work has been ground to size'whenthe work carriage moves to one end 'Ofits stroke and completes anelectrical circuit originated by the sizing device to start a smallelectric motor which reverses the direction of rotation of the handwheel shaft and backs the wheel oif sufficiently to permit the removalof the finished work and insert a new piece. The amount of rotation ofthis motor is limited by a switch which is operated by the rotation ofthe motor to break the circuit thereto. At the same time the work cradleis rocked to inoperative position by a hydraulic motor. The sizingdevice incorporates a feeler which is adapted to .ride on a surfaceadjacent the work piece and corresponding in shape to the finished work.An air nozzle is mounted to move with the feeler in such a position thatthe flow of air therefrom is directed toward the work piece.

Back-017 mechanism Mechanism for backing the grinding wheel away fromthe work consists of an'electric motor 39 mounted on the housing of thehand wheel shaft. Gear 4| is mounted on the end of the' shaft 80. Saidswitch consists of a friction operated disc $5 on whichis mounted 2. lugd6. Said lug 46 is adapted to engage a lug 41 on strip 48, which in'atumis attached to an arm 49 rotatable about a pivot 50. Said strip 38 isattached loosely at another point 5i. to arm 52 pivoted at 53. On oneend of said arm 52 is a pair of contacts 55 which are normally held inengagement with terminals 56 by means of a spring 53 acting against saidarm 52.

A work piece W, in this case a piston having a noncylindrical skirt ismounted between centers on a rocking support or cradle l0 which in turnis mounted on a work carriage I I, in a manner similar to that disclosedfor a cam shaft in the above mentioned Patent No. 2,017,929. Said cradlemay be rocked toward or from operative position by a piston 2| 9 incylinder 2! E, Figure 18.

.Fluid under pressure is directed to opposite ends of said cylinder byvalve E23. Said carriage may be reciprocated on said base by a hydraulicmechanism disclosed diagrammatically in Figure 18 and described indetail in the above mentioned copending application 524,706.

A grinding wheel i3 is rotatably mounted on a wheel base I4 which inturn is slidably mounted on said base l2, and movable transversely ofthe work carriage toward and from the work piece. The mechanism formoving the wheel toward and from the work is of the well known pawl andratchet type working in conjunction with the hand wheel H5.

The hand wheel i5 is automatically actuated to feed the wheel basetoward the work by means of a pawl l6 and aratchet H. Said pawl andratchet may be operated at either or both ends of the carriagereciprocation-by mechanism disclosed diagrammatically in Figure 18 anddescribed in detail in the above mentioned copending application524,706. This portion of the automatic feeding mechanism which ismounted on or adjacent the hand wheel assembly consists briefly of acylinder l8 in which is mounted the piston l9 movable in one directionby fluid under pressure and in the opposite direction by a spring 20which is mounted on a tail road 2! of piston I9. A piston rod 22 carriesan element 23 to which is attached one end of a bell crank 24. The otherend of the bell crank is a gear segment 25 which meshes with anothergear segment 28 mounted on hand wheel shaft 271. A pawl arm'28 forms aprojection of said-segment 26 and pawl 16 is mounted on the end of saidarm and held in engagement with ratchet ll by means of a spring I 8. Ashield 29 covering a portion of the teeth on said ratchet wheel isattached to an element 30 which is rotatably mounted on hand wheel sheft21. Pawl arm 28 is normally held in inoperative position by means ofspring 28' attached to another portion, of the element of which arm 28forms a part. In this position pawl I6 is drawn back of shield 29 andthus held out of engagement with the teeth of ratchet ll. An arm 3|extending from said element 30 at another point is attached by a link 32to the armature 33 of a solenoid 36. An adjustable stop 35 is mounted onthe hand wheel and adapted to engage a removably mounted stop 36. Saidstop 36 is attached to an armature 31 of solenoid 38, said solenoidbeing effective to withdraw stop 36 from operative position. Stop 36 maybe held in operative position by any suitable means such as by gravityor by a spring not shown. The soleinto the circuit on motor I67.

The tarry mechanism This mechanism is attached directly to a reversingvalve 60 by means of a bracket 6! adjustably mounted therein and adaptedto be locked in adjusted position. Link 62 connects said bracket with alever 63 pivoted at 64 in a housing 65 which contains the operatingparts of the tarry mechanism. The principal working element of saidmechanism is a pair of pistons 66 and 61 joined by reduced portion 68 towhich is attached the other end of lever'63. Each of said pistons has ahole extending axially into the piston from the ends; and from this holeextends several smaller radial passages opening into a groove in theperipherial surface of the piston. The purpose of this construction isto provide for retarding the initial movement of the reversing valve andthenpermit a quick movement to reverse position as said passages line upwith ports H or it and permit fluid to be released.

Said pistons are adapted to be reciprocated in a cylindrical bore 89 inhousing 65. The fluid passage i0 connects opposite ends of said bore butthe movement of fluid through said passage is not sufiicient to openthem. However, if the operator desires to shift the reversing levermanually and rapidly, pressure on the fluid will be sufiicient to openthe valve and permit the fluid to pass from one side of the bore to theother without going through the throttle valve H. In the upper portionof the housing 65 is a fluid reservoir l6 connected to bore 69 byports'ii and i8. Reversing lever i9 is adjustably connected to valve 50by rod 80, one end of which is headed and adapted to be inserted in thehollow end of said valve 60. Hollow plug 8! is threaded into the end ofsaid valve and prevents said rod from being withdrawn from said valve. Anut 82 is threaded on said rod and the distance between the nut and thehead on said rod is the amount of lost motion permitted in the operationof the reversing valve. This of course is adjustable. A movement of thereversing valve is completed by means of the well knownsnap actionmechanism consisting of a sp g pressed pl r 8 chgaging roller 86 on theend of reversing lever 19.

Sizing device The sizing device used on this machine is shown in Figures11 to 1'7 inclusive.

The method of sizing consists in utilizing a master surface or patternwhich is identical in shape with the finished work piece. In this'particular case the master surface or pattem' 90 is axially alignedwith the work piece W and forms a part of the driving mechanismtherefore. An adjustable shoe 9| supported on a bracket 92 rides on thework piece W during the preliminary grinding operation. Adjacent said"shoe and in the same bracket is a nozzle 93 directed against the workpiece. Adjacent said nozzle and adapted to engage the master surface isa diamond pointed fee1er'94 mounted in a holder 95 which is adjustabletoward and from said master surface or pattern independently of thepressure which is at valve als used in Fig. 17 apply to correspondingparts in Fig. 11a. W indicates-the work piece numeral 30 a pattern, 33 anozzle directed against the surface of said pattern, and 34 a feel'erengaging the surface of work W. In this case the space between thenozzle and the pattern decreases as the work is ground to size. Both thebracket 32 and the holder 36 are mounted on bracket 36, which in turn ispivotally mounted at 31 to another bracket 33 secured to the workcarriage or cradle I0. The feelers are held in operative relation to thework by means of a spring 33 and a stud 31. The handle I may be used tomove the device toward or from operative position. The device may beheld in inoperative position by means of a rod IOI attached thereto andurged by a spring I02 against the stud I03in which is cut a notch I04.Said rod is adapted to drop into said notch when the device is withdrawnfrom operative position. The rod may be withdrawn from the notch bymeans of a lever I06,

one end of which'engages a collar I05 on the" rod IN. I

Piston grinder operation The flow of fluid to the various mechanismspasses thru a main valve body I20 which has been described in thecopending application 524,706. In the normal operation of the machinefluid is supplied by pump I22 thru line I23 to relief valve I24 in saidvalve body. From said relief valve the fluid passes thru a start andstop valve I2I to reversing valve 60. Said reversing valve is actuatedby dogs I33 and I33 adjustably mounted on rail I40 on the carriage IIand directs the fluid thru passage I26 to cylinder I26.

or thru passage I21 to valve I23 and passage I30 to cylinder I23. Asdescribed in the copending application 524,706 cylinders I26 and I23 areconnected by passage I3I in which is placed a throttle valve I31 tocontrol the rate of flow of fluid between said cylinders and hence therate of movement of the carriage II. To stop the traverse mechanism theoperator shifts lever I32 to the left thereby shifting valves I2I andI33 to the right. In this position fluid under I2I is returned to thereservoir thru passage I34 instead of to the reversing valve. Movementof valve I33 to the right connects passages I35 and I36 to form a bypass around valve I31 and so permit the carriage to be traversedmanually with a minimum of resistance. Cam I, adjustably attached to dogI33 engages roller I42 on lever I44 to supply fluid under 4 I43 toactuate valve pressure to one end of feed cylinder I3. Spring I46normally holds said valve in position to exhaust the fluid from saidcylinder.

When lever I32 is shifted to the right, cam I60 closes switch I6I toclose a circuit from supply line I62 thru line I63 to relay I64. Closingsaid relay'completes circuits from supply lines I62, I66, I66to'headstock motor I61 thru lines I63, I63 and I10. A fourth circuit isclosed from line I62 thru line HI and stop switch I12 to line I63thereby providing a holding circuit for relay I64. To provide currentfor the various mechanisms onthe machine, line I63 is tapped by line I30to which said mechanisms are connected. Either line I62 or line I66maybe used for the return line. In this case line I62 is used.

To bring the grinding wheel rapidly into contact with the work theoperator turns the hand wheel I6 until adjustable stop 36, mountedthereon, engages the removable stop 36. Stop 36 thus serves tofacilitate positioning the grinding wheel close to the surface of thework. As soon as the headstock motor I61 is started by shifting leverI32 to close switch I6I, solenoid 33 becomes energized thru lines I30and I34 and withdraws stop 36 from the path of stop", to permit theoperation or rotation of hand wheel I6 during the grinding operation.After the completion of the grinding operation when the hand wheel hasbeen automatically reversed-the headstock motor is stopped by shiftinglever I32 to the left. Since solenoid 33 depends on the motor circuit itbecomes deenergized and stop 36 is permitted to return to a position inthe path of stop 35.

when the rough grinding operation is completed the mercury in tube I46will complete a circuit between contacts I41 and I43 to close relay I60.This closes a circuit from line I30 thru solenoid 34, then thru line I3Ito line I62- However the supply from line I62 to contacts I41 isavailable only when the carriage is at the extreme left hand positionwhen adjustable cam the'mercury engages contact I43 .Part of the circuitis closed thru line I32 to relay I33 and thence thru line I30. ContactI41 remains dead until the circuit from line I62 thereto is completedwhen cam 200 on the carriage II closes switch 203. Relay I33 is thusclosed permitting current to pass to motor 33 and back thru line 204 andstop switch 61 to line I62. Motor 33 causes a reverse movement of thefeed mechanism and at a predetermined point actuates stop switch 61 tobreak the circuit thereto. Opening said switch also breaks the circuitto solenoid 206 permitting spring 206 to shift valve I23 to itslowermost position in which the connection is broken between fluid linesI21 and I thru,

ment but since. fluid cannot reach the motor due to the position ofvalve I23 the carriage remains motionless in its left hand positionwhere finished work may be removed and anew piece placed in the machine.

We claim:

1. In a machine of the kind described, a work support, a tool support,means to efiect a relative transverse feeding movement between. saidsupports, means to effect a relative longitudinal reciprocating movementbetween said supports, a reversing mechanism in control of saidreciprocating movement, additional mechanism separate from saidreversing mechanism and operable in response to a change in size of awork piece for rendering said reversing mechanism inefiective tocontinue said longitudinal reciprocating movement.

2. In a machine of the kind described a work support, a pattern membermounted thereon in axial alignment with a work member, means forchanging the size and contour of said work memher to approach the sizeand contour of said pattern member comprising a grinding wheel mountedthereon, mechanism for effecting a relative feeding movement betweensaid supports, and'a sizing device for controlling said feeding movementincluding a feeler in contact with one of said members and a nozzledirected against the other.

3. In a machine of the kind described a work,

support, a tool support, mechanisms to effect relative transverse andlongitudinal movements of said supports, a reversing mechanism forcontrolling said longitudinal movement, mechanism separate from saidreversing mechanism toprevent the operation of said longitudinal movingmeans in one direction, a solenoid attached to said last namedmechanism, means to reverse said transverse movement to separate thetool and the work and means actuated by said reversing means to controlsaid solenoid.

4. In a machine of the kind described a work support, a pattern membermounted thereon in axial alignment with a work member, means forchanging the size and contour of said work member to approach the sizeand contour of said pattern member comprising a wheel support, agrinding wheel mounted thereon, mechanism for effecting a relativefeeding movement between said supports and a'sizing device bycontrolling said feeding movement, including a feeler in contact withone of said elements and a nozzle directed against the other and meansto maintain a fixed relation between said nozzle and the surface againstwhich .it is directed until the work reaches a predetermined size.

5. In a machine of the kind described a work support, a pattern membermounted thereon in axial alignment with a work member, means forchanging the size and contour of said work member to approach the sizeand contour of said pattern member coinprising a wheel support, a

grinding wheel mounted thereon, mechanism for- ,e'ifecting a relativefeeding movement between said supports and a sizing device bycontrolling said feeding movement, including a feeler in contact withone of said elements and a nozzle directed against the other, means tomaintain a ter cam and roller to move the grinding wheel and worksupport relatively toward and from each other duringthe grindingoperation to grind a cam blank to a predetermined contour, a sizingdevice including a movable feeler which continuously engages theperiphery of the cam being ground during grinding automatically tocontrol said feeding mechanism, and means to automatically move thesizing head into an operative position so that the contactmember engagesthe periphery of the cam being ground.

7. A cam grinding machine of the type having a rotatable camshaftsupport which is rocked toward and from a rotatable grinding wheel bymeans of a master cam and a follower, a rotatable support for saidwheel, a reversible feeding mechanism to cause a relative transversefeeding movement between the grinding wheel and the cam being ground togrind the same to a predetermined size and contour, a size controllingapparatus including a movable contact member which engages the peripheryof the cam being ground, and means responsive when said contact memberreaches a predetermined position to reverse said feeding mechanism toseparate the cam and the grinding wheel.

mounted thereon, a manually operated feeding mechanism comprising a handwheeel, a positive.

stop to stop the operation of said hand wheel with the grinding wheel inposition to start grinding a work piece, automatic means to actuate saidfeed mechanism during the grinding operation and additional automaticmeans operable in response to starting said work rotating means towithdraw said stop whereby to permit said first automatic means toactuate said feed mechanism.

' 9. In a machine of the kind described, a work support, a tool support,mechanisms to efiect relative transverse and longitudinal movements ofsaid supports, a reversing mechanism for controlling said longitudinalmovement, mechanism separate from said reversing mechanism to preventthe operation of said longitudinal moving means in one direction,actuating means attached to said last named mechanism, means to reversesaid transverse movement to separate the tool and the work and meansactuated by said reversing means to control said actuating means.

10. In a grinding machine, a work support, a tool support, mechanismsfor efiecting relative transverse and longitudinal movements ofsaidsupports, a size control mechanism for controlling said transversemovement and means operable thereby in response to a predeterminedchange in size of a work piece for initiating said transverse movementin a direction to separate the tool and work, means operable by saidseparating means to stop said transverse movement and means controlledby said stopping means for preventing further operation of saidlongitudinal moving mechanism.

11. In a grinding machine, a work support, a tool support, mechanismsfor effecting relative transverse and longitudinal movements of saidsupports, means for controlling said longitudinal movement including areversing mechanism, control means separate from said reversingmechanism for effecting operation of said longitudinal moving mechanismin one direction, means for initiating operation of said transversemoving mechanism for feeding said tool toward said work, additionalmechanism for separating the tool and work and means responsive tooperation of said additional mechanism for rendering said reversingmechanism inoperative and for effecting said longitudinal movement inone direction.

HAROLD E. BALSIGER. CONRAD .L. 0'11.

